Anxiety in Today’s World/psilocybin mushrooms for mental health in UK
Many of us are familiar with the experience of anxiety—sweaty palms, racing heartbeat, and frantic thinking. The prevalence of anxiety in today’s world is significant: as the most common mental health challenge in the United States, anxiety disorders are diagnosed in around 40 million adults in the United States per year. Even if you are not among the 31.1 percent of the population who has struggled with an anxiety disorder across their lifetime, perhaps you have experienced occasional bouts of anxiety in response to everyday stresses.
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Anxiety is often a rational reaction to a chaotic and unpredictable world, and stems from a combination of genetics, neurochemistry, and life events. At its best, anxiety helps us anticipate and prepare for danger. In excess amounts, however, anxiety loses its self-protective mechanism, interferes with everyday functioning, and impedes us from enjoying life to its fullest.
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Despite the prevalence of this condition, only about one-third of individuals with anxiety disorders end up receiving treatment. Mainstream mental health interventions typically consist of psychotherapy, psychiatric medication, or both. Now, a growing body of research is pointing to the efficacy of psychedelic substances, such as LSD and psilocybin, in relieving anxiety and other mood disorders, such as treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Effects of microdosing psilocybin
The present study consisted of 953 microdosers using psilocybin and 180 individuals who were not microdosing. The participants completed a series of questionnaires and tasks on their mobile devices at the onset of the study and at one month after recruitment.
These assessments included self-report questionnaires to assess mood and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. The researchers also assessed cognitive function and psychomotor ability, which refers to physical movements that require cognitive processing.
The researchers found that microdosers showed greater improvements in mood and larger reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress over the study period than non-microdosers.
These positive effects of microdosing were observed in all participants, regardless of whether they used psilocybin alone or a combination of either psilocybin with lion’s mane, or psilocybin, lion’s mane, and niacin.
Moreover, microdosing psilocybin resulted in similar levels of improvements in mental health and mood across age groups, genders, and among individuals who did or did not have mental health concerns.
The only exception was female microdosers who showed larger reductions in depressive symptoms than males.
The researchers also found that older microdosers showed larger improvements in the psychomotor test, but not cognitive function, than non-microdosers. This effect was largely due to older participants over the age of 55 years using a combination of psilocybin, lion’s mane, and niacin.
In sum, the results of this study add to the current evidence on the beneficial effects of microdosing psilocybin on mental health and mood, including among individuals with mental health concerns.
Microdosing benefits: More research needed
Although the study had a large sample size, the number of individuals in various subgroups according to age, gender, and substances used for microdosing was relatively small. Thus, these findings need to be replicated with larger sample sizes.
Dr. Balázs Szigeti, a postdoctoral researcher at Imperial College London, also noted that the present study used a control group but placebo effects in the microdosing group cannot be ruled out.
Dr. Szigeti explained:
“This study used a natural history control condition, meaning that the control group did not have any treatment. This is a weak control condition, although certainly better than not having any control group as in purely observational studies.”
“Relative to this weak control, microdosers showed some improvements, mostly with moderate effect sizes. This means that on most scales the magnitude of the improvements was only modest. Therefore, this study helps to establish that in uncontrolled / weakly controlled studies microdosing shows some benefits,” he continued.
“The major weakness of the study is the lack of placebo control. Therefore, it is unclear whether the source of these improvements is positive expectancy or the pharmacological action of microdosing,” he pointed out.
“So far, only a few placebo-controlled studies have been conducted on microdosing with mixed results. Due to the lack of a scientific consensus and the great public interest, I expect this area of research to grow in the coming years that can hopefully clarify this question.”
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— Dr. Balázs Szigeti
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